![]() ![]() The difficulties in resolving conflicts go from a societal level to the group level, to families torn apart, and where children, women, and the elderly are particularly vulnerable. ![]() Chaos can be exemplified as violence and war, and the image of young men and women equipped with weapons, trying to solve conflicts with even more violence, a senseless and unpredictable violence (Antonovsky, 1993a, p. Conflict leads to tension therefore, it will be crucial for the community how we can deal with this tension and avoid stress. 970)Ĭomplexity also offers opportunities for different and flexible choices, possibilities for adapting to change, and possibilities for systems (communities) to reorganize themselves. He especially mentioned conflict between civilizations:Ĭonflict refers to internal tensions of the human being, to tensions between persons, to tensions between the individual and the suprasystems of which she or he is a part, and to tensions between or among such suprasystems. 969)Ĭomplexity may lead to conflicts, the greater the complexity, the deeper the conflicts. ![]() Such a steady state is one way of defining health. This level both sets the problems and provides the potential, interacting with sub and suprasystem, for the system to maintain a dynamic steady state. Published with permission from the copyright holder and Social Science and MedicineĬomplexity, according to Antonovsky, related to how a system is organized:Ĭomplexity refers to the level of organisation of a system. The six Cs-an ontological perspective on salutogenesis. He stressed that the salutogenic theory and its key concept, sense of coherence, can be applied at a collective level, and not only with a focus on the individual level. He saw the individual in interaction with the environment and context. As a medical sociologist, he distinctly expressed systems theory thinking. Here, he expressed how he looked at society and the human being in that context (Antonovsky, 1993a). In the beginning of the 1990s, Aaron Antonovsky published an article about the six Cs: complexity, conflict, chaos, coherence, coercion, and civility (Fig. As a medical sociologist, this was a natural way for Antonovsky to perceive the world: seeing humans as part of a larger context. For the individual, the challenge is to manage the chaos and find strategies and resources available for coping with the changes in everyday life. By the latter, he perceived daily life as constantly changing a heterostatic as opposed to a homeostatic state. The former calls for system theory thinking where the focus is on the individual in a context (Antonovsky, 1985). Two important things stand: (1) he saw man in interaction with his environment and (2) chaos and change is a normal state of life. What do we know about the ontological background of salutogenesis? In his second book, Unraveling the Mystery of Health ( 1987), Antonovsky described how he perceived the world. Ontology is the study of reality (Heil, 2005). The salutogenic umbrella is here used as a metaphor for showing some related concepts. Finally, salutogenesis, a resource-oriented approach on peoples’ abilities, is much more than the measurement of the sense of coherence. Therefore, a life cycle perspective is adopted for this section, describing sense of coherence in children and families, in adolescents and in older adults. The sense of coherence is a concept that can be applied at different system levels, at an individual level, a group (family), on organizations and societal level. The measurement of the sense of coherence and the validity and reliability of the sense of coherence scales are extensively described. The core concepts, the sense of coherence and the generalized resistance resources within the salutogenic model of health are explained. It begins with a reflection of the ontological and epistemological background of salutogenesis, which is not particularly described and explained to any significant extent in the publications by Antonovsky. This section aims to describe the salutogenic construct of the sense of coherence.
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